Your Personal Blog Guide How to Start a Personal Blog on WordPress

Theres plenty of space on the internet for everybody. People love to share ideas, give shape to their thoughts, and maybe even reach a global audience. How to put yourself on the path to achieve all of that? For once, what if you start a personal blog? Blogs are super-effective for a couple of reasons. Chief of them is that 77% of internet users read blogs, so your audience is already out there. Moreover, creating a personal WordPress blog isnt hard to do, so why not try doing it yourself?In this post, we will lead you through all the steps you need to take in order to start a personal blog that is effective, cheap, good-looking, and on a path to success. This is your ultimate guide to a personal WordPress blog, and all the resources you need to make it happen. WordPress.orgWordPress.comDoesnt come with any hosting. However you can get a good one with a free domain included for only $2.95/month using this link.You get  free hosting, but WordPress.com limits you  to 3GB of space u nless you upgrade to a paid plan.You need a custom subdomain, for which you have to pay an additional price.Gives you a free subdomain with the format yourblog.wordpress.com, but you need to upgrade to a paid plan if you want a custom domain.When it comes to security, you need to take care of your site alone via plugins, but youre in control of everything.Security is not your job, you get basic security and backup services automatically.You can install any plugins/tools and design your site any way you want, no limitations at all.You cant install any third-party plugins whatsoever. The themes also come in a limited number, with limited customization options.You have full control over every aspect of your site.You do not have any control over your sites design, performance, or functionality. You can only use whats provided by WordPress.com package by default.Check out the full comparison between WordPress.org and WordPress.com here.In a nutshell, if you want to have full control of y our website, and want to make sure that it stays with you long term, WordPress.org is the better choice here. But dont actually go to the WordPress.org website to get started with the platform. Heres what you do instead:The technical setup when starting a personal WordPress blogLets talk about the actual process of building a personal blog. The very first step in creating a personal blog is hosting. Since there are loads of good hosting companies out there, each providing diverse and attractive packs of features, I imagine its kind of hard for you to pick the one that fits your blog the best.If you want to start a personal blog, heres an overview first, and then well get into the details below:Sign up for  web hosting (I recommend Bluehost).Choose a hosting plan.Pick a  domain name for your personal blog. Domain Wheel  will get you started if youre running out of ideas.Complete your hosting registration.Make sure WordPress was installed during the hosting account setup.Log in and write your first blog post.Since you only need it for a personal purpose, a cheap plan will be the perfect match for you. Here are two good options:Bluehost is the cheapest shared hosting service for WordPress, and probably the most efficient in terms of price/features. It provides support for 1 site and comes with a free domain. All for only $2.95 per month if you use this link.SiteGround is also one of the most popular and cheapest WordPress hosting options. For only $3.95 a month, you get support for your blogs performance and 10GB of disk space. Apart from that, the plan can handle up to 10,000 visits monthly.Now, the best part with either of these hosts is that they will get WordPress installed for you or youll be able to install it from your user panel. Thats why you dont need to go to the WordPress.org website. All the installation happens via your web host.The only thing you need to do is go to your host of choice, click the sign-up button and then go through the proced ure. Youll be taken by the hand through the process.When youre signing up with a host, youll also get a chance to pick a domain name for your site.Domain names are how visitors will identify and access your website. For example, our domain is  themeisle.com.Once youve signed up for a hosting plan, youll still need to set up WordPress. How this process works will depend on the host you selected. Some, such as Bluehost, give you a working instance of WordPress right out the gate, or provide you with a one-click installation option during signup. All you have to do is fill out some basic information, such as your sites name, your admin username, and so on.What if your host doesn't install WordPress for you?If your host requires you to set up WordPress on your own, youll probably do so using the cPanel installer. First, youll need to access your panel using the login information you chose while signing up for your hosting plan. Once youre in, youll find yourself looking at a page much like this one:CPanel is packed with options, which can make it look intimidating. Fortunately, there are plenty of guides available on  how to set up WordPress using cPanel. If you run into any problems along the way, you can always check out your hosting services documentation, or contact their support team to get help.Go to topWhat elements make up an effective personal WordPress blogIf youre the kind of person who likes to write, having your own blog can be a great outlet. You can create content about whatever you want, whenever you want, and share your thoughts with your friends, network, and complete strangers. If youre feeling entrepreneurial, you can even use your personal blog to network in your field by writing about the latest developments and your own insights.Once you start a personal blog, you will be able to include whatever features and information you think are necessary. However, there are a few elements all the best personal blogs have in common, such as:A focus on blog posts. Unlike static WordPress websites, you want your blog posts to take center stage.Some personal information about yourself, to personalize your content and help your audience make a connection.Links to your social media profiles and general contact information, for visitors who want to follow you or get in touch.A carefully chosen blog post format, to make each entry highly readable and engaging.Fortunately, all four of these elements are straightforward and easy to achieve. That means you probably dont need to use a fancy premium theme or seek out complex features. Instead, you can opt for a free alternative thats better for your budget.Go to topWhich theme/design to get?We talked about how to make your personal blog run smoothly on the backend, but now lets discuss a bit about its design, which is hugely important for those who read your blog. First of all, it has to be intuitive and make it easy for people to read your site, as well as provide a friendly and organiz ed navigation structure. No matter how great your posts are, if the way you present them is hard to follow and annoys people every time they try to navigate to your blog, then its all in vain.To add a beautiful and intuitive theme to your personal WordPress blog is actually very simple, it only takes a few quick steps. The more difficult part is to decide on one single theme because WordPress has tons out here: free, good-looking, feature-rich, of all kinds, and for all purposes.Once youve entered your dashboard, look for the tab called  Appearance. Click on it, and then choose the  Themes  option. This will show you all the themes that WordPress comes pre-installed with:These themes are free, decent starter options for a personal WordPress blog. However, youll probably want to use a theme thats a bit less basic and more customizable, such as our own Hestia:This particular theme is based on material design guidelines, which results in a very modern look. Plus, it has everythin g you need to include the vital elements we talked about earlier (such as contact information and a personal bio). To set it up, you just need to follow a few simple instructions (which also apply to other WordPress themes).Go to topGreat tools to improve your personal blogging experienceAside from choosing  hosting and a theme, which are mandatory, you have tons of optional tools built to work with WordPress, ease your blogging activity, and increase your productivity. Some can be used directly online and others  will require installation on your dashboard, but all of them are very intuitive and make your writing more pleasant.JetpackJetpack is a great multifaceted plugin for anyone who wants to start a personal blog. It automates social media posting by sharing every new blog entry on your social channels. Also, the plugin creates beautiful photo galleries that you can include in your posts and can help you by providing various site stats right in your admin dashboard.Heres ou r guide on how to get started with Jetpack. Jetpack by WordPress.comAuthor(s): Automattic 78%Ratings 145,415,907Downloads WP 5.1+Requires More info jetpack.7.8.zipCurrent Version: 7.8Last Updated: October 1, 2019 78%Ratings 145,415,907Downloads WP 5.1+Requires WordPress.org Plugin Page Jetpack by WordPress.com Revive Old PostWith Revive Old Post, you can automate your social media posting process so you dont have to manually share every entry.Once you configure the plugin, it does everything for you. It will post alone continuously until you stop it. This way you save a lot of time, which you can use for writing. Revive Old Posts Auto Post to Social MediaAuthor(s): revive.social 78%Ratings 1,969,075Downloads WP 3.5+Requires More info tweet-old-post.zipCurrent Version: 8.4.4Last Updated: October 3, 2019 78%Ratings 1,969,075Downloads WP 3.5+Requires WordPress.org Plugin Page Revive Old Posts Auto Post to Social Media Blog Topics GeneratorThis is a nice on line tool created by Hubspot that generates content ideas based on the keywords youre interested in. You write three keywords that you think are relevant to what you want to talk about and the tool returns five related headlines.Heres an additional guide of ours on how to come up with good blog post ideas.BuzzSumoAnother great free tool that lets you know about which topics are popular. Enter a topic into its search box before starting to work on it and BuzzSumo will analyze what content works best for that given topic.  With this tool, you can also find out whats the most successful content published by a specific blog: enter its URL and you get a list of the most shared posts.GrammarlyInstall the Grammarly extension in your web browser and then start writing your post in WordPress. The tool will mark nearly every mistake in your work. So make sure you check your grammar before you hit Publish. A great helper tool for anyone whos planning to start a personal blog.MyStock.PhotosFo r every blog post, you need pictures. While you can always use some of your own pictures, most of the time you will use free images from the internet. MyStock.Photos is ThemeIsles photo collection providing awesome high-quality images that you can use anywhere you want. All are free, so use them as much as youd like!Yoast SEOYoast SEO is a free WordPress plugin that takes care of your SEO optimization.It gives you indications on what adjustments to make on every single post so that your post can rank higher in Google. Yoast SEOAuthor(s): Team Yoast 98%Ratings 200,063,756Downloads WP 4.9+Requires More info wordpress-seo.12.3.zipCurrent Version: 12.3Last Updated: October 15, 2019 98%Ratings 200,063,756Downloads WP 4.9+Requires WordPress.org Plugin Page Yoast SEO Go to topTime to write your first postOnce youve chosen your free WordPress theme and have it installed and activated, all thats left is to start writing your first blog post. To do that, look for the  Posts â †’ Add New  option in your dashboard. This will bring you to the WordPress editor:Here, you can set a title for your post, write about whatever you want, and insert images and other media. When youre done, you can save your work as a draft or publish it right away – its all up to you now!Go to topIs a personal WordPress blog a big commitment? How often should you post?Theres no hard and fast rule here. After all, thats why its called a personal blog.You dont have to face rules and deadlines, but you should still try to post at least once a week if possible  (youll find plenty of counter-examples, though).Of course, it depends on what you use the blog for. If you just use it to put your thoughts on paper (screen), then you should write every time a great topic comes up to your mind. If you use it for talking about hobbies and want to grow a community around it, then you should try to post constantly at least weekly.For example, even in the WordPress space, you can fin d a variety of posting schedules. On one end, you have Tom McFarlin who posts daily.While on the other end, you have someone like Brian Krogsgard who publishes every few months.Go to topA personal blog can help you professionallyLike I said before, even if you start a personal blog about your hobbies, for instance, this can help you shape your thoughts and  connect with other people who love the same things you do.But another important reason why you should have a personal WordPress blog is professional exposure. You might not create your blog solely for that purpose, but it can be a nice unintended side effect.For instance, if youre sending a resume to a company, a link to some relevant content written, collected, and researched by yourself can get you extra credit. You can even get job offers thanks to your blog!A personal WordPress blog can sometimes help you in your career too because it helps you build your  personal brand.According to a survey by Domain.me:61% of the surve y respondents admitted that they have received a job offer because of their blog.79% said their blog is either very important or important for their personal brand.When you are online in so many places and have accounts on various platforms and social media channels, its hard not to get things mixed up for both your friends and potential employers. Nowadays, employers tend to check all the online references that lead to you before inviting you to an interview or hiring you.According to CareerBuilder, 40% to 60% of hiring managers use social media to analyze and get an overall opinion about potential employees. If theyre searching for you online like that, theres a good chance theyll stumble across your personal blog.In short, a good personal blog can help you make a good first impression and boost your chances of finding new opportunities. Potential employers are likely to  find your personal blog, making it a good place to boost your job-worthiness in their eyes. While unintended at first, those are some serious positive business consequences from personal blogging.Go to topWrapping upIn the end, instead of being just a reader of other peoples opinions and stories, you can create your own content and share it with the world. All your discoveries, all your thoughts, your daily stories all can lead to something great. And apart from inserting yourself in nice communities of people who share the same hobbies and interests as you, a personal blog can also lead  to improved professional opportunities.So, how do you start a personal blog? Heres a recap:Pick a platform between WordPress.org and WordPress.com. We recommend the first one because you will have full control over your site.Choose the right WordPress hosting. For a personal blog, you dont need the biggest fish out here.  Cheap WordPress hosting is fine.Choose a beautiful theme. Theres a handful of nice free WordPress blogging themes that you can choose from. Install, try, customize. You can play wi th their design so you can see which one matches your site the most.Go ahead and install efficient and free-of-charge tools and plugins that will make your blogging easier and more fun.Write your first blog postThink about the range of topics you would like to tackle. If you dont know yet and just want to write random stuff, thats also a start. A blog is a way to express yourself.Try to create a personal calendar or a notebook in which to set deadlines on writing. You dont have to post daily, once a week is enough. The key is consistency.I hope this has been helpful! Do you have any questions about how to start a personal blog on WordPress? Lets talk about them in the comments section below! * This post contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links and then purchase the product, well receive a small fee. No worries though, youll still pay the standard amount so theres no cost on your part.

Definition Essay- Anger Research Paper Example

Definition Essay Definition Essay- Anger Paper Definition Essay- Anger Paper The word was first used around the 1 13ths of the word anger used as a verb include anger used with De at the end to create angered. For example, if someone is easily angered they are quick to react in a negative way. Angered is to be irritated or to be displeased with something or someone. If an event occurs, for example a bad grade on a test, a student may be angered at either themselves or the teacher. If someone Is angered by a specific person It means they do not tolerate the personality or actions of said person. Anger can apply too person, a thing or an event. Anger can also be used as a noun when used as an emotion. For example, the sentence according to Emily, she held no anger towards Mar anger is being used as a noun. This refers to the emotion. If someone is doing a verb in anger then anger is used as a noun. For example, in her anger she turned red or she was trembling in anger. The word anger can also be used as an adjective, angry. The word angry describes a person who is experiencing anger. If someone is angry with another person then they are upset and irritated. The sentence she is angry with Sam or He was angry because of the lack of handicapped parking-spaces. Angry can also be used to describe a person perpetually. For example, shes Just an angry person to describe an easily Irritated or grumpy personality. Anger Is often used In context to describe a person or a persons reaction. It Is insider one of the major emotions along with happiness, sadness, etc. It doesnt only apply to people though. Animals can be given the humanistic characteristic of anger, for example, the dogs sharp teeth and growl made it appear angry. Anger is used to describe a feeling (emotion) that is often experienced and often referred to. Overall all words associated with anger pretty much are used to describe the same feeling, a feeling of irritation, rage. Words commonly associated with anger include mad, vexed, bugged, peeved and annoyed. Definition Essay- Anger By chlorofluorocarbons Anger is typically known to make the person experiencing it want to hurt or shout at others, or in need to calm down. Anger is also known to be associated with rage, synonyms include displeasure, irritation, vexation and madden. Anger can be used by humans in all cultures. The word was first used around the 13th- 14th century and angered at either themselves or the teacher. If someone is angered by a specific person it means they do not tolerate the personality or actions of said person. Anger entente according to Emily, she held no anger towards May anger is being used as anger. The word anger can also be used as an adjective, angry. The word angry to describe an easily irritated or grumpy personality. Anger is often used in context to describe a person or a persons reaction. It is considered one of the major emotions along with happiness, sadness, etc. It doesnt only apply to people though. Animals can be given the humanistic characteristic of anger, for example, the dogs sharp teeth and growl made it appear angry.

Devastatingly Human - An Analysis of Registered Nurses' Medication Essay

Devastatingly Human - An Analysis of Registered Nurses' Medication Error Accounts--NURSING - Essay Example According to Camire et al (2009), "given the large body of literature about patient safety, the limited evidence available to guide clinicians in selecting strategies to prevent and disclose medication errors in critically ill patients is surprising. Nevertheless, patient safety is a first step in providing high-quality health care, and ensuring the safety of patients is everyone’s responsibility and challenge." Since administration of accurate medication is the most embedded principle of nursing; any event of medication error jeopardizes the livelihood and identity of the professional self. Trieber and Jones (2010) analysed the medication error accounts of registered nurses through direct interview with them in order to facilitate better understanding of the perceives error of medication administration errors and to understand strategies employed by the nurses to deal with them. It is often difficult to quantify medication administration errors which are the most common medic al errors in the United States. However, only less than 5 percent are reported (Trieber and Jones, 2010). The Institute of Medicine or IOM has recognized medication administration error as an important target task and has attempted to study and analyze various aspects of environment of the nurses which contribute to errors. This included work design, organizational management and organizational culture. However, the institute failed to include certain aspects of nursing profession like perfectionism, self-sacrifice and duty and also issues related to gender and recent technologies. The institute also did not include the perceptions of nurses who are the frontliners in administration of medication to hospitalized people. This is important because; it is these nurses who are involved in both preventing medication errors and committing medication errors and nurses are emotionally affected when they commit a medication error. The main strategy to prevent medication error is by following the basic principle of "five rights"; right patient, right time, right route, right medication and right dose (Bates, 2007). There is no consensus on the definition of medication error and as to when the error must notified. While most nurses opine that giving wrong medication to a patient is wrong, only a few agree that giving the medication late is also wrong. Thus, discrepancies exist in the definition. Thus, if the rights definition is applied, the number of medication errors would actually escalate more than the estimated number (Trieber and Jones, 2010). Several error reduction technologies have come up which are said to help in decreasing medication errors. These include patient charting through computers, arm-bands that are bar coded, and dispensing cabinets that are automated (Bates, 2007). Other strategies to reduce medication errors include decrease in the number of medicine which look alike or sound alike and application of read back and confirm strategy for orders that were delivered verbally (Trieber and Jones, 2010). There is still controversy as to whether these strategies and procedures introduced to reduce medication errors actually help in reduction or errors or complicated the problem. Some researchers like Koppel et al (2008; cited in Trieber and Jones, 2010) are of the opinion that these recent gadgets actually confuse the nurses and worsen medication errors. Infact, in their study, they found that computerized

Ancient and Medieval Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ancient and Medieval Cultures - Essay Example Also God spoke to man through dreams and visions in the book of Genesis. After the destruction that happened at the time of Noah, God promised himself that he will never bring similar destruction ever to mankind. God and man had a close, clear cut fellowship in the book of Genesis. Man and woman were very innocent when God created them. It is not given anywhere that they had any sexual feelings before committing sin. Sex came into picture only after man committed sin. Adam and Eve could realize their nakedness only after they committed sin. Man lost his naà ¯ve nature only when he displeased God. So the most important consequence of the sin committed by man was that he lost his innocent nature and sexual nature started appearing in him. When God created man, God gave him certain special blessings but woman was not given any special blessings like that. God created woman because man needed a perfect match for him. In short woman was created for the sake of man. Man got life out of the breath of God but woman was created from man. Also man was given the responsibility of taking care of Eden Garden. It was woman not man who committed sin first. Devil knew that it would be easy to influence woman than man. All these reveal the inferior nature of woman. Before committing sin Adam was found to be a complete man with all the blessings of god. God gave him many rights and made him the king of Eden. He had every right over nature and over all living and non-living beings of this world. He was given the responsibility of protecting Eden Garden. He was given full right over all resources of Eden garden. He was the master of the nature and everything it constitutes, and was not a mere part of it. God created everything for man only. He had more rights than the powerful angels who serve God. God punished Cain for killing his brother Abel, and Cain had to be a cursed fugitive roaming all

Functional Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Functional Analysis - Research Paper Example Compatibility of land-use plans and circulation systems that are already in place is essential. This is because only highly viable projects are treated as the best land-use options. In order to make an assertion of this claim, past, present and future land status have to be critically assessed and evaluated in the light of the project being undertaken. In other words, land-use plans match existing circulation systems for optimal land use purposes. The compatibility of land-use plans and existing circulation systems is necessary for striking a balance between meeting people’s needs and resource sustainability for future generations. Current and future demands can only be met if planners make certain considerations in the context of land-use projects. Change is a force that significantly influences planning. Planners therefore must consider diversity and dynamism of physical, social and economic factors that affect land-use projects over time (Levy, 2011). These variables integrate change in different magnitudes and it is up to the planners to consider the magnitude of each of them to both short term and long term projects prior to the characteristic trends in demand. For example, globalization is an undisputable factor to consider in the context of change and land-use projects in the light of local and international current and future

Issues in Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs)

Issues in Reporting Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) India is becoming a hub in the field of clinical research and a center for drug discovery and development and this advancement has created an urgent need to strengthen the current drug safety measures. Pharmacovigilance has emerged as an important field of science related to activities regarding detection, assessment, understanding detection and prevention of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and other drug related issues. The current pharmacovigilance system is not fully able to address these issues because of certain â€Å"challenges† being posed to it. While major advancements of the discipline of pharmacovigilance have taken place in the West, not much has been achieved in India. Some of the important challenges to our existing pharmacovigilance activities are: under-reporting, lack of knowledge, proper training, education, attitude and motivation, confusion regarding terminology and definitions used in pharmacovigilance. Increasing use of biologics and herbal medicines in cur rent medicine practice further pose challenges to our pharmacovigilance systems. There is lack of information about the active principle, efficacy, adverse effect profile, quality assurance/quality control, informal selling interaction potential in case of herbal drugs. On the other hand, a complex production process, limited predictability of preclinical to clinical data, high potential for immunogenicity possibility of an underlying exaggerated pharmacology in case of biologics further grieve the situation. Also there is need to improve the spontaneous reporting and causality assessment scales with high quality data submission. KEY WORDS: Pharmacovigilance, India, ADRs, AEs, Challenges INTRODUCTION India is an emerging hub in the field of clinical research and a destination for drug discovery and development. Several new drug entities, new dosage forms, vaccines etc. are being introduced in the country challenging the monitoring of adverse drug reactions over a large population base. The monitoring of both known and unknown side effects of medicines is important even if the drug is in use for several years so that the safety profile of the drug can be ascertained. This has paved the way for pharmacovigilance. Pharmacovigilance may be defined as the pharmacological science relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse drug reactions or any other possible drug related problems (1), particularly long term and short term side effects of medicines. While major advancements of the discipline of pharmacovigilance have taken place in the West, not much has been achieved in India. Although in India, pharmacovigilance has progressed from the situation as it was in past, but for different types of problems and limitations progress is yet not very rapid. (2) The current review focuses on a number of elusive issues which require attention addressal: Under-reporting: India specific causes possible solutions Under-reporting is a major limitation of spontaneous reporting systems for suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in India. It is both a technical and a psychological issue. Under-reporting may lead to failure to recognize an unacceptable risk associated with a particular drug. Furthermore, differences in reporting between different drugs may lead to apparent differences in the toxicity which may be spurious. It can lead to delay in signal detection and underestimation of the magnitude of the problem. There is a long exhaustive list focusing on the causes of under-reporting: Lack of awareness There is a general lack of awareness among health care professionals in terms of increasing health burden of ADRs. Those who are aware of this fact, fail to recognize the logistics of ADR reporting like who all can report, where to report what to report. Lack of knowledge attitude A large proportion of studies have found that the knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals appear to be strongly related with reporting. This result may have important implications in terms of public health, if knowledge and attitude are viewed as potentially modifiable factors. (5, 6) Lack of motivation Due to the passive nature of collection of reports, data collection is not exhaustive as it depends upon the attitude motivation of the clinicians. Hence, some ADRs even if observed are not likely to be reported. Some feel that reporting a single ADR wont help much in contributing! Fear of litigation loss of reputation Sometimes healthcare professionals fear that the acknowledgement of adverse reactions may reflect negatively on their competence or put them at risk of litigation. There is also a general fear of loss of reputation among the medical fraternity patients. Misconceptions about what to report Some are reluctant to report adverse reactions because of doubts regarding the causal role of the drug. There is a uncertainity in majority of the cases regarding the drug causing the particular adverse drug reaction. Unfriendly ADR reporting forms hassel of posting of the forms Some health care professionals fail to report due to the complexity of ADR reporting form. At any given instance of time all the information required to be filled is not available. Even after filling the form still there remains a hassel of posting of the forms. So, one always prefers to stay away from the problem. At times, difficulties in accessing the forms also contribute. Lack of time to report Excessive patient load in the health care set up in a developing country like India further worsen the situation. The other factors which contribute towards under-reporting include hesitation lack of confidence. Correcting for under-reporting is difficult because the exact magnitude of under reporting is unknown. It has been seen that more number of ADRs are reported spontaneously usually after a reminder or following scientific workshops, conferences or other awareness programs and it decreases gradually over a period of time. So sustainability is an important factor for determining the spontaneous reporting of ADRs. (3) In addition, it has been found that serious, unexpected ADRs those associated with newly marketed drugs are more likely to be reported. Easy access to ADR reporting forms, clarity of criteria for reporting, simple procedures and good motivational practices such as acknowledging the receipt of adverse drug reaction reports by personal letter or phone call, providing feedback to reporters in the form of articles in journals, adverse drug reaction bulletins or newsletters, organizing scientific workshops, trainings at regular intervals are all influential in addressing the problem. The periodic e-mail update on the safety of drugs represents an effective and inexpensive way to raise the awareness of clinicians on the importance of spontaneous ADR reporting. For continuous motivation there appears to be a need to adopt a policy of regular updates and educational strategies for health professionals. (4) There is an urgent need for regular training of all health care personnel in the form of workshops, symposiums scientific meetings. The training sessions must clarify the roles of the various healthcare professionals in pharmacovigilance. There should be closer relationship between the doctors and the pharmacovigilance centre’s. The paramedical staff should also be equally trained since they are in closer contact with the patients for a longer duration and can play an important role in making the pharmacovigilance programs more efficacious. Information analysis of the reported material is a highly specialized and complex job. It should be made as simple as possible by the use of appropriately trained staff, so that one may be able to provide an answer with greater certainty. Causality assessment scales are an example where there is need of improvement so that proper causal relationship between the drug and the adverse effect can be established. Appropriate training and educat ion regarding Pharmacovigilance should also be introduced during the formal teaching of medical graduates as a welcome step. Unfortunately, this activity is missing in our existing medical education system. Though we are now involving many of the medical colleges as Pharmacovigilance centre’s but still most of the undergraduates are unaware of this process. (7) The reporting of adverse reactions needs continuous stimulation. Therefore, it seems necessary to hold awareness programmes at regular intervals to improve the ADR reporting. It is important to achieve the development of a positive attitude towards pharmacovigilance among healthcare professionals so that adverse reaction reporting becomes an accepted culture in India. Vaccine Safety/Pharmacovigilance The goal of pharmacovigilance of vaccines is the early detection and timely response to adverse events following immunization, in order to minimize negative effects to the health of individuals and lessen the potential negative impact on immunization of population. A stringent safety surveillance of vaccines is crucial since the majority of vaccines are administered not only to vulnerable children but also to healthy population. Moreover, vaccines are complex biological products, which may include multiple antigens, live organisms, adjuvants, and preservatives which can be responsible for the ADRs. e.g. lymphocyte meningitis after anti-mumps vaccine. (8) So, each component has unique safety implications, which is important to capture as compared to other drugs. (9) In addition, difficulties in causality assessment in case of vaccines makes the situation more worse. (10, 11) Execution of Adverse Event Following immunization (AEFI) surveillance program in India is a challenge taking into account its large geographical area. Capacity to detect respond to AEFIs needs improvement in India. A multipronged approach is the need of the hour to ensure effective vaccine safety surveillance. Pharmacovigilance in clinical trials: A newer approach to patient safety in clinical trials Safety monitoring of drugs during clinical trials is now recognized as one of the major concerns for new drug development due to the increasing complexity of clinical trials involvement of large cohorts of participants. In a clinical trial, all adverse events experienced, irrespective of the causality should be monitored, accurately documented and adequately reported in a timely manner following the local regulatory requirements. Safety data from clinical studies is a key component that drug regulatory authorities consider in the decision-making as to whether to grant or deny market authorization for a drug. In addition, safety data from clinical trials helps not only in restricting harm at one centre but provides further vigilant action at other centres also. As per recent gazette notifications, Any unexpected serious adverse event (SAE) (as defined in GCP Guidelines) occurring during a clinical trial should be communicated promptly (within 14 calendar days) by the Sponsor to the L icensing Authority and to the other Investigator(s) participating in the study (Appendix XI In cases of any trial related injury, the safety data from clinical trials also serves as a basis for casuality aseessment for calculating compensation. Regarding reporting responsibilities of the investigators, Schedule Y states that: Investigator(s) shall report all serious and unexpected adverse events to the sponsor within 24 h and to the Ethics Committee that accorded approval to the study protocol with 7 working days of their occurrence. Pharmacovigilance in clinical trials needs to be encouraged and fostered. The present scenario requires reform and needs recommendations for building a robust safety surveillance system for clinical trials in India. Arora D. Pharmacovigilance obligations of the pharmaceutical companies in India. Indian J Pharmacol 2008 February , 40 (Suppl 1): S13-S16 Focused Pharmacovigilance HIV/AIDS, Malaria Kala-azar are major public health concerns in India. Adequate systems and infrastructure for ADR monitoring and risk management activities are largely absent in India, adequate national or regional quality and safety monitoring systems after drug distribution are also lacking. With increase in number of patients, availability of new drugs, generic fixed-dose combinations and the ignorance of pharmaceutical company sector in global pharmacovigilance activities, there is a great need of focused pharmacovigilance. In India, a total of 2.4 million patients were suffering from HIV/AIDS in 2009 and about 200,000 new HIV-positive individuals are diagnosed each year. (12) Antiretroviral therapy reduces morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV infection, but adverse drug reactions remain a potential barrier to treatment success as they are an important cause of poor adherence due to inability to tolerate antiretroviral therapy. ADR monitoring and causality assessment in resource-limited countries like India remain major challenges. In India, Post-marketing ADR monitoring often relies exclusively on spontaneous reporting which is a major issue. As of now there is no pre-existing surveillance system solely dedicated to ADR monitoring of anti- HIV/AIDS drugs in India. (13, 14) We can develop an HIV-focused pharmacovigilance program which can integrate both active and passive ADR surveillance for antiretroviral therapy (ART). Moreover integrating the HIV-focused pharmacovigilance program with the existing health care program of AIDS can go a long way. (15) As per WHO report 2011-2012, South East Asian Region bears the second largest burden of malaria (13%), only second to African region (81%). Among South-East Asia region, India shares two-thirds of the burden (66%) followed by Myanmar (18%) and Indonesia (10%). (16) Emerging chloroquine-resistance especially in P. falciparum is considered as one of the important contributing factors responsible for an increase in its occurrence in India. Because of this there is a wide scale use of Artemisinin based combination therapies (ACTs) and other new drug combinations. Our health systems have a very little experience with these new drugs. Pharmacovigilance for ACTs and other combination treatments in India is essential as malaria transmission is high and antimalarial drugs are used very frequently. Moreover, drugs can be obtained without a prescription. Informal use of antimalarial drugs may increase the risk of incorrect dosing, inappropriate treatment, and drug interactions which may impact negatively on drug safety. Furthermore, the administration of antimalarial treatments in patients with concomitant illness, including HIV/AIDs, tuberculosis and malnutrition, is a concern. So all these factors demand a focused pharmacovigilance activity to ensure sa fe use of antimalarial drugs especially the ACTs and other new drug combinations. (17, 18). In India Kala azar cases are mostly concentrated in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Jharkhand with over 165.4 million people at risk (19). Sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) and miltefosine are the first line drugs for the treatment of kala-azar are known to cause several side effects. Sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) has been known to cause anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, metallic taste in mouth, diarrhoea, pancreatitis, reversible elevation of liver enzyme activities, myalgia, arthralgia, proteinuria, ECG changes (T wave inversion,prolongation of QT interval, ST segment abnormalities), phlebitis, uveitis, optic atrophy, acute renal failure, hepatic necrosis and bone marrow hypoplasia. (20) Miltefosine is known to cause mild adverse effects which are mainly gastrointestinal in which loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting were found to be the major dose-limiting side effects. Other frequently observed miltefosine-related toxicities are mainly associated with the kidneys and liver. (21) Teratogenicity is the main limitation to the use of miltefosine which calls for responsible surveillance appropriate mechanisms to protect the women of child-bearing age. (22) In addition to the adverse-effects, quality of the generic products also need to be monitored. (23) In view of the current side effect profile other related issues monitoring of adverse effects to anti-leishmanial drugs is utmost. Focused Pharmacovigilance for anti-leishmanials can be integrated with the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) which is an umbrella programme for prevention and control of vector borne diseases.

Odysseus, The Hero :: essays research papers

An individual’s characteristics are the key to their behavior. Homer’s The Odyssey takes place about 700BC in the Mediterranean, near Greece. The epic tells of a man who left his home twenty years earlier to fight in the Trojan War. His mission now is to make his way home to Ithaca. Odysseus shows good and bad traits throughout the epic that influence his way home .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (65 words) The courage and wisdom of Odysseus help him survive through the whole epic. For example, Odysseus kills the Cyclops while the giant is asleep, even though the monster ate two men minutes before (P.110). Odysseus has courage to stand up for his beliefs and never lets the opinion of others keep him from doing what is right. Some think Odysseus shows his courage throughout the epic because he is proud and does not want to leave any job unfinished. Furthermore, Odysseus by plugs the sailors’ ears with wax when going through the Sirens, whose sweet singing lures sailors to there doom (p. 141). Odysseus often hesitates before acting, because he uses reason to evaluate the situation, which saves him and his men many times. Odysseus knows that there is no progress without the wisdom to back it up. Using courage and wisdom throughout life allows a person to see greatness in life. As great as he was, Odysseus still had some weaknesses, most importantly that of his pride and sensualness, that prolongs his voyage back to Ithaca. This is clearly evident in the episode on the Cyclopes’ Island when Odysseus and his men are safely away from the island when Odysseus brags about his exploits making Polythemus hurl giant boulders almost sinking the ship (P. 114). This incident hurt Odysseus more than just losing a few men, because Poseidon makes his travel home very long and arduous. This proud characteristic shows Odysseus has a lack of respect for others and that he is selfish. Furthermore, Odysseus stays with Circe for one year before his men remind him of home (p.

Chemistry Study Guide Acids and Alkalis

Interactive Science 2B Chapter Summary | | Chapter 10 ComMon Acids and Alkalis 10. 1 Acids and Alkalis 1. Acids taste sour. Many fruits contain acids. 2. The three mineral acids commonly found in the laboratory are hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid. 3. Alkalis taste bitter and feel soapy or slippery. 4. The common alkalis found in the laboratory are sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution. 0. 2 Acid-Alkali Indicators 1. An acid-alkali indicator shows different colours in acids and alkalis. It can be used to test acids and alkalis. 2. Natural indicators can be made from some deeply coloured plants. 3. Acids turn blue litmus paper red whereas alkalis turn red litmus paper blue. Distilled water does not change the colour of litmus paper. It is a neutral substance. 4. The pH value shows the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance. 5. The pH value of a substance can be measured by using universal indic ator, pH paper or a pH meter. 6.Low pH values mean high acidity (or low alkalinity). 7. High pH values mean high alkalinity (or low acidity). 8. Substances with pH values < 7 :acidic; pH values = 7 :neutral; pH values > 7:alkaline. 10. 3 Acids and Corrosion 1. Dilute acids react with some metals and produce hydrogen. 2. Test for hydrogen: Put a burning splint near the mouth of a test tube containing the gas. If the gas is hydrogen, it burns with a ‘pop' sound. 3. The rate of reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphuric acid: maznesium > zinc> iron > copper (no reaction) . Carbonates react with acids and give carbon dioxide. 5. Marble and limestone mainly contain calcium carbonate. They are used as building materials and they can be corroded by acids. 10. 4 Safety Related to the Use of Acids and Alkalis 1. Strong acids / alkalis are corrosive. Weak acids / alkalis are generally less corrosive. 2. Dilute acids / alkalis contain a low percentage of ac ids / alkalis. Concentrated acids / alkalis contain a high percentage of acids / alkalis. 3. Concentrated strong acids and alkalis are highly corrosive. 4. Safety measure in handling strong acids and alkalis |Reason | |(a) Stick the hazard warning label ‘corrosive ‘ on the surface|To warn users about the corrosive property of the chemicals. | |of the container. | | |(b) Wear safety spectacles. |To prevent the acids and alkalis from getting into the eyes. | |(c) Put on protective gloves. |To prevent our skin from contact with the acids or alkalis. | |(d) Wear laboratory coat. |To prevent damage of clothing and body. |(e) Work in a fume cupboard. |To prevent vapours of the acids or alkalis from irritating our| | |eyes and respiratory system. | 5. To dilute a concentrated acid or alkali, always add it slowly to a large amount of water with stirring. Never pour water into a concentrated acid or alkali. 6. The first step in treating acid or alkali spillage on our body is to w ash with plenty of water. 10. 5 Acid Rain 1. Clean or normal rain has a pH value of 5. 6. 2. Acid rain has a pH value lower than 5. 6. 3. Practice test:Â  answer keyAcid rain is mainly caused by the acidic pollutant gases sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. 4. The main sources of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the air are motor vehicles, power stations and factories. 5. Acid rain may ? corrode structures made of metals, marble and limestone, ? kill fish and plants in lakes and rivers, and ? slow down plant growth and even kill plants. 6. The government, industries and citizens should work together to reduce the release of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain. 10. 6 Neutralisation 1. An alkali and an acid can neutralise each other. . Neutralisation occurs when an alkali is mixed with an acid until the resulting solution becomes neutral (pH = 7). 3. When an acid is neutralised with an alkali, a salt and water are formed. The word equation for neutralisation is: Alkali + Acid (Salt + Water 4. Antacids are weak alkalis used to neutralise excess acid in the stomach. 5. Weak acids, such as eth anoic acid in vinegar, can be used to neutralise the alkaline stings of wasps. 6. Weak alkalis, such as baking soda (sodium hydrogencarbonate), can be used to neutralise the acidic stings or bites of bees, ants and mosquitoes. . Weak alkalis, such as slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) and powdered limestone, can be added to acidic soil to raise the pH for plant growth. 8. Acids in industrial wastes can be neutralised by adding alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, while alkalis can be neutralised by adding acids such as sulphuric acid. 10. 7 Daily Uses of Acids and Alkalis 1. Acids and alkalis can be used in cleaners to remove stains and grease. 2. Acids such as ethanoic acid can be used to preserve food. 3. Acids can be used to prevent the browning of fruits. ———————– [pic] [pic]

Free Essays on Spies

Women in the nineteenth century did not have the same rights as men, but they were still able to make a large impact in the Civil War. Women in the early 1800's were not allowed to vote and not able to possess their own money. Also women could not work, or they could not have a lawyer in court. Boys went to school when girls could not. Women could not go to school, so most were not well educated. Since women had few rights, they worked in the house all day doing chores like weaving cloth, sewing shoes, and making soap. Women worked in factories for little pay and all they were able to do was dust and clean. When the first shot of the Civil War at Fort Sumter was fired, the men rushed out to fight. Women stayed and did all the work that men used to do. They were capable of seeing what they could do while the men were at war. Families that were separated because of the Civil War communicated through letters. Women provided supplies that men could not get at war. When women finally decided to fight they were excited. Southern women supported the southern cause to keep slavery or they fought because their state believed in slavery. Northern women supported the northern cause to save the Union. Women in the Civil War served as spies, couriers, guides, scouts, saboteurs, and smugglers. They dressed as men and spied on the other side. Spies from the North used hot air balloons to watch the South make an important ship, the Virginia. There were many women who served as spies for the South. Some of these included Nancy Hurt, Belle Boyd, Rose O'Neal Greenhow, and Belle Boyd. Belle Boyd played an important role in the Civil War. Belle Boyd watched the Union soldiers travel all the way to Canada. Belle Boyd did this without getting caught and going to jail. The following spies were for the Union: Elizabeth Van Lew, Pauline Cushman, Mary Elizabeth Bowser, Harriet Tubman, and Emma Edmonds. Emma Edmonds fought in Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Sharpsbu... Free Essays on Spies Free Essays on Spies Women in the nineteenth century did not have the same rights as men, but they were still able to make a large impact in the Civil War. Women in the early 1800's were not allowed to vote and not able to possess their own money. Also women could not work, or they could not have a lawyer in court. Boys went to school when girls could not. Women could not go to school, so most were not well educated. Since women had few rights, they worked in the house all day doing chores like weaving cloth, sewing shoes, and making soap. Women worked in factories for little pay and all they were able to do was dust and clean. When the first shot of the Civil War at Fort Sumter was fired, the men rushed out to fight. Women stayed and did all the work that men used to do. They were capable of seeing what they could do while the men were at war. Families that were separated because of the Civil War communicated through letters. Women provided supplies that men could not get at war. When women finally decided to fight they were excited. Southern women supported the southern cause to keep slavery or they fought because their state believed in slavery. Northern women supported the northern cause to save the Union. Women in the Civil War served as spies, couriers, guides, scouts, saboteurs, and smugglers. They dressed as men and spied on the other side. Spies from the North used hot air balloons to watch the South make an important ship, the Virginia. There were many women who served as spies for the South. Some of these included Nancy Hurt, Belle Boyd, Rose O'Neal Greenhow, and Belle Boyd. Belle Boyd played an important role in the Civil War. Belle Boyd watched the Union soldiers travel all the way to Canada. Belle Boyd did this without getting caught and going to jail. The following spies were for the Union: Elizabeth Van Lew, Pauline Cushman, Mary Elizabeth Bowser, Harriet Tubman, and Emma Edmonds. Emma Edmonds fought in Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Sharpsbu...

The 4 Macedonian Wars

The 4 Macedonian Wars The First Macedonian War was a diversion during the Punic Wars. It was brought on by the alliance of Philip V of Macedonia and Hannibal of Carthage (following Philips naval expedition against Illyria in 216 and then again, in 214 followed by land-based conquests). Philip and Rome settled with each other so Rome could go focus on Carthage. The Greeks seem to have called the war the Aetolian War, according to ​Rome Enters the Greek East, by Arthur M. Eckstein  because it was fought between Philip and his allies on the one side and the Aetolian League and its allies, which included Rome. Rome officially declared war on Macedon in 214, but major operations began in 211, which is often listed as the start of the war, according to Eckstein. The Greeks had been engaged, recently, in their own Social War. It lasted from 220-217 on the occasion of Philip suddenly deciding to make peace with Aetolia. Between the 2nd and 3rd Macedonian War, the Aetolian League asked Antiochus of Syria to help them against Rome. When Antiochus obliged, Rome sent in its legions to expel the Seleucids. Antiochus signed the Treaty of Apamea (188 B.C.), surrendering 15,000 talents of silver. This is the Seleucid War (192-188). It included a Roman victory at Thermopylae (191) near the spot where the Spartans had once so famously lost to the Persians. The Second Macedonian War The second Macedonian War started as a powerplay between the Seleucids of Syria and Macedonia, with the weaker area powers suffering in the crossfire. They called to Rome for help. Rome decided Macedon constituted a threat, and so helped. In the Second Macedonian War, Rome officially freed Greece from Philip and Macedonia. Macedonia was moved back to its Philip II borders and Rome acquired or freed territories south of Thessaly. The Third Macedonian War The Third Macedonian War was fought against Philips son Perseus who had moved against the Greeks. Rome declared war and divided Macedonia into 4 republics. After each of the first three Macedonian wars, the Romans went back to Rome after punishing or otherwise dealing with the Macedonians and receiving some reward from the Greeks. The Fourth Macedonian War When the Fourth Macedonian War began, as the result of a Macedonian rebellion, fomented by a man who claimed to be Perseus son, Rome again stepped in. This time, Rome stayed in Macedonia. Macedonia and Epirus were made a Roman province. The Aftermath of the Fourth Macedonian War The Greeks Achaean League tried unsuccessfully to get rid of the Romans. Their city of Corinth was destroyed for its part in an uprising in 146 B.C. Rome had expanded its empire.

If we were asked what if the greatest and most distinctive achievement Essay

If we were asked what if the greatest and most distinctive achievement performed by Englishmen in the field of jurisprudence I cannot think that we should have - Essay Example The essence f a trust is that it is an obligation concerning property which is enforceable in the courts which will control the trustees and, in rare cases, even carry out the trust. There must thus be beneficiaries who can apply to the court to enforce their rights. It follows that a trust must be created for the benefit f persons but not for a purpose unless that purpose is charitable, for a purpose can not sue, but if it be charitable the Attorney General may sue to enforce it. It is therefore the beneficiary principle which will often be the deciding factor in whether a case is successful as a purpose trust or not. The leading case for the theory is that f Morice v. Bishop f Durham . The testatrix in this case had bequeathed all her property to the Bishop f Durham upon trust for 'such objects f benevolence and liberality as the Bishop f Durham in his own discretion shall most approve of.' It was held that the trust was not charitable and could not stand as a private trust either because it had no specific beneficiaries and had been made purely for a purpose. 'Every other trust must have a definite object. There must be somebody in whose favour the Court can decree performance.' Sir William Grant MR. Administrative workability is also essential in that there is a certainty f who the trust is to benefit. Lord Eldon said this in Morice v Bishop f Durham: "As it is a maxim that the execution f a trust shall be under the control f the court it must be f such a nature that it can be under that control; so that the administration f it can be reviewed by the court, or the court itself can execute the trust: a trust, therefore, which in case f maladministration could be reformed and a due administration directed." It then follows that the trust must not be impossible to perform. A time limit as to the life span f the trust is also often necessary so as not to have it go on forever because it may not be in the public interest. Finally, if the purpose f the trust is capricious, useless, wasteful, harmful, illegal or otherwise contrary to public policy, it will obviously fail. There are a number f exceptions to the invalidity f purpose trusts, however it is the general dislike f these trusts that have lead to them being recognised as 'troublesome, anomalous and aberrant' .: Re Endacott [1960] presented a gift to the parish council for "the purpose f providing some useful memorial to myself". Harman LJ at first instance refused to uphold such a trust and said 'these cases stand by themselves and ought not to be increased in number, nor indeed followed, except where one is exactly like another'. However, it was eventually held to be valid on the reasoning that it asses to and improved the fabric f the church. A further exceptional case was that f Re Hooper [1932] in which it was held to be a valid purpose trust because it had been limited in perpetuity. Most instances f cases, known as the 'monument' cases, are found to be subject to rules f perpetuity and will therefore be valid. Trusts for the saying f masses are often also valid because there is a close religious link; Re Hetherington [1990] . Trusts for the maintenance f particular animals (such as in the case f Re Dean (1889)) may also be held valid because there is the ability to establish certainty f object, being the animals. It is a general rule that the law does not recognise non-charitable purpose trusts and they are

Observation 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Observation 3 - Essay Example The children were supposed to count the digits that appeared on rolling a dice. The activity was meant to check and enhance the counting skills of the students. The teacher had used this activity to achieve this because the children had expressed interest in learning the counting this way a day before. Each of the five students was required to roll the dice on his/her turn three times, and sum up the digits that appeared on rolling the dice each time, so that the final number would be the sum of the digits appearing in three different attempts. The children seemed very happy doing this activity. The teacher organized the activity in the form of groups. This not only provided the teacher with a greater control over the activity, but was also very convenient for the low-achieving students as they had got a chance to work with the high-achieving students. The activity in the form of group was also very useful since there were just 5 teddy bears. Had the teacher decided to conduct the activity in a disintegrated manner or had there been no groups, it would have been hard for the teacher to make sure that every student has had at least one chance of playing with the teddy bear. As the children conducted the activity, the teacher moved over to the groups one after another to extend her hand of help to any group that might be in need of it. The group activity was no less useful for the high-achieving students as they had been provided with a chance to teach others the concepts that they felt hard understanding otherwise. I frequently noticed the high-achieving students helping the others. They felt nice since this was a unique opportunity for them. Last but not the least, the activity taught the children group skills. While the students conducted the math activity in groups, the teacher hovered over them so as to make sure that in each group, each student was participating equally and that all students were